The results of this preliminary study suggest that a change in lifestyle, i.e. Females in the whole sample were also more fearful of people. Among free-ranging dogs, females were found to be more excitable. After controlling for internal consistency of the scales and between-observer variation, we found that free-ranging Bali dogs were rated as less active, less excitable, less aggressive towards animals, and less inclined to chase animals or humans than Bali dogs living as human companions.
This provides us with the unique opportunity to compare the personality traits of dogs to their lifestyle either living as human companions or as free-ranging animals, exploring at the same time the impact of demographic variables (such as age, sex, and neutered status) on personality. A large group of expatriates sometimes adopt Bali dogs and keep them restricted to their houses and backyards, as is typical in modern western cultures.
Dogs living on Bali Island have been free-ranging for thousands of years.
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